Morel foragers are a secretive group. Loath to reveal where they unearth their quarry, each ground-gazing hunter has a theory of the most favorable conditions. Some claim they find their fungi deep in a shady copse. Others look at the base of stone walls. A few claim a symbiosis with certain trees, most particularly after a forest fire. These men and women are obsessed. They may hunt especially in mid morning or late afternoon, they may go out only after a rainstorm or never after a rainstorm, they find morels always under cottonwoods or always under oaks. No two foragers share the same set of theories, but there are some overarching themes. They all thrill with reverence when asked about the blondes.
Those are Morchella americana, growing in a day to the size of a man’s palm, called yellow morels and affectionately referred to as blondes. They have the morel’s typical honeycomb cap, but it’s extra large, with a substantial structure begging to be served as a main course. Foragers, asked to compare the blondes to the classic small, dark M. esculenta, speak with lusty adjectives: vigorous, sturdy, chewy, textural. Annie Fenn, a food writer and forager in the Wyoming Rockies says, “They are fresher, great in sauces, and because they grow really big, they can be roasted at high temperatures — restaurant temperatures.” Those who prefer blondes say they have a sweeter aroma, less earthy, more woodsy. But the most common descriptor for this queen of the morel family is “meaty.”
After DNA testing, in 2012 the blondes were separated from the rest of esculenta and designated americana. They can grow into beauties large enough to “stuff, using a chopstick, often with goat cheese and chives, but occasionally with salmon or barbecue,” according to Alan Rockefeller who photographs wild fungi in the Pacific Northwest and California.
Foragers might start to see morels in Georgia in March; then, with the warming temperatures, in the mid Atlantic in April, then up through New England, across the Midwest, and through the Rockies as the spring progresses. In Canada, the season could be in full swing as late as the end of June. Regardless of where they grow, finding morels depends entirely on heat and rain. Some years there are none, other years there are bushels. And some say the appearance of the blonde morels are a sure sign of the final days of the season.
In western Virginia at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains sits The Inn at Little Washington, where for more than a decade Mother’s Day and morels have been a much-anticipated pair. The restaurant’s on-staff farmer, Jenna Brownell, manages a well-appointed kitchen garden. In her free time, like most residents of the small town, she forages. She describes the perfect day for morels: “The soil will be warming up. Maybe it rained the day before, but not too much. All the moisture will have burned off by mid morning. By noon, there they are — gather them quick because another rain will rot them.” Experienced foragers know special patches will be filled again in another three days, as long as the weather cooperates.
In Wyoming, Annie Fenn has been gathering morels and other fungi for more than two decades. When she moved to Jackson Hole, it was common for the best restaurants in town to trade with foragers: mushrooms for a meal. Fenn might gather as many as six pounds on a short hike. “In a good year, even a dog walk can mean finding a few morels.” Wyoming has a naturally arid atmosphere, so Fenn dries morels on a rack set out in the fresh air for five days and incorporates dried morels into many of her game-based meals.. For those of us who live in more humid environments, morels can be dried using a dehydrator or a very low oven; either method require patience and several hours.
Chefs across the country hum in anticipation of spring morels. Few make the blonde morel the star attraction of a ten course meal, but few have such a long history with the morel as Patrick O’Connell, chef of the Inn at Little Washington. Tall, spare, and elegant in his signature Dalmation print apron. He spent enough of his youth in the Rappahannock Valley, living in a rustic cabin on the side of a mountain, to be well aware of springtime’s merkel or miracle, the local morel. He used to forage for them with mountain neighbors. After a day of it, there was only one preparation for these fungi: whole or big chunks, dipped in flour, batter fried in lard or bacon fat, and finished in a buttermilk or milk gravy. During hunting season, this rich condiment accompanied venison.
When O’Connell opened the inn in 1978, his kitchen quickly developed a reputation among foragers. The back door was the place to bring berries in berry season, pokeweed in pokeweed season, merkles in morel season. The day I visited the kitchen, large plastic bins — cambios in kitchen-speak — were filled with blonde morels.
Glossing a black iron skillet with oil, the chef turned the fire on high, until the pan was sizzling hot, explaining, “Home cooks never cook mushrooms hard enough.” The chopped mushrooms danced off the surface of the skillet, turning rusty brown in no time at all. Over a saucepan filled with simmering water, in a round, deep stainless-steel bowl, the chef beat eggs gathered that morning, from the property’s free-foraging Bantams, with a spoonful of crème fraiche. When the eggs cooking in the bowl were light and frothy, he added pinches of salt and pepper and some plucked thyme leaves, and gently stirred the eggs into the softest, gentlest scrambled eggs.. He incorporated the crisp morel bits and a scattering of Comté cheese, and spooned the ethereal eggs into a pastry bag.
He piped the pale yellow curds into hand-gilded Bantam eggshells, perched each one gently atop a straw nest decorated with a few feathers and set on a fine, floral china plate. A tiny spoon placed inside the shell accompanies the set piece. “This,” says the Chef, “is the egg I served Queen Elizabeth.” It was the most delicious egg I have ever eaten. Each element — the egg, the mushroom, the herbs, and the cheese — distinct, and the combination delectable, with a woodsy freshness like light spring rain.
O’Connell finds the blonde morel more sturdy than the dark variety and describes the flavor as more like veal than anything else. And like veal, the morel loves a good sauce. In addition to those eggs, the inn’s special morel menu includes a creamy dish of gnocchi with asparagus tips and morels, sea bass topped with morels and tiny shrimp dumplings in a lemon-vodka sauce, a hearty pan-roasted chicken lashed with creamy morel sauce, and then a glorious rib eye with roasted tiny potatoes and sugar snap peas in a red wine– morel reduction. The day I visited, the kitchen was playing with a morel gougère that brought out all the blonde’s best qualities.
Tarver King remembers blonde morels arriving at the inn’s kitchen door by the truckload — “hundreds of pounds of them. It’s one of my fondest memories.” Now the chef at the Restaurant at Potowmack Farm, a few miles north near Catoctin Creek, King and his crew themselves forage for blondes. “A good patch of rain, a good thunderstorm, a day to dry out — then look. They like that sunny weather, starting in the low elevations and working their way up. We start on the southern facing slope and move around the mountain, beginning early enough, but after the sun has been up for three hours or so, just to let them wake up, grow and get firm.” With a twinkle that suggests a broadly known secret, King says, “Some people find morel patches that run along the nearby Appalachian Trail.”
King dehydrates plenty, cooks a lot and freezes those, but he is particularly pleased with pickled morels. On the menu, playing off a French Laundry recipe for palettes, a cooked egg yolk, cream and flour mixture with plenty of garlic and butter is stuffed into a sautéed morel. Battered and fried, the texture and flavor were reminiscent of escargots, with the snap of Appalachia.
The photographer Alan Rockefeller says morels are everywhere but no one sees them. He recalls finding a patch in a friend’s backyard, the very moment his friend “declared he never found anything.” Rockefeller looks everywhere, but says abundant patches are found around dead trees or in areas where there have been fires. He reminds new foragers that uncooked morels can be toxic.
O’Connell is more romantic. He rhapsodizes about the blonde morel and his reverence echoes in every word. “The beauty is, it’s totally out of anyone’s control. There’s a mystique. Some winters like this one you think, it must have killed them. How could they possibly survive that cold? And then, it’s this magic ‘miracle’ that comes up and, yes, it’s spring again.”
gluttonforlife
Yes, oh yes. Music to my ears (and palate)! Methinks a certain “magazine” really missed out with this one…xo
Cathy
I’m not saying a word, Laura. xo
zora
Look for them under old tulip poplars.
Annie Fenn
Morel gougere? Pickled morels? I have got to try these! It’s raining hard in Jackson Hole right now and all I can think about is all the morels waiting to pop up once the sun shines. Love your story Cathy!
Evan Parker
Hey Annie,
My name is Evan Parker and wanted to introduce myself because I moved to Jackson, Wy in December to take the Executive Chef job at the Amangani. I came from The Inn at Little Washington as their Executive Sous Chef for the last 3 years and worked at the The Inn for a total of five years. Morel season has always been our favorite time of the year and would love to continue the tradition here in Jackson. If you have any local forager friends I would love to build a relationship with them or if you have a chance would love to talk about forged items in WY. I have been doing my research but it’s also great to have a local connect. Thank you and hope to talk to you soon. eparker@amanresorts.com
Evan
Claes Nordin
Well, I live near this restaurant, and hunt morels for the family .
I loathe these commercial hunters that sell to the restaurant .
Morels were once abundant here, but are becoming harder and harder to find .. Take what you need and leave the rest ..
Vanessa
I had my yard landscaped, and these morels popped up everywhere in the mulch that was put down.
Clara Gamache
I live in Topeka KS and my daughter has invited me out to hunt for Morels. Does anyone know if the blonde Morels can be found in KS? Thanks.
Mary Kay Abblett
Never knew there were blonde morels. My husband and his family mushroom hunted. Never saw them.
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